|
Sir Almroth Edward Wright, FRS〔 KBE, CB (10 August 1861 – 30 April 1947) was a British bacteriologist and immunologist. He is notable for developing a system of anti-typhoid fever inoculation, recognizing early on that antibiotics would create resistant bacteria and being a strong advocate for preventive medicine. ==Biography== Wright was born at Middleton Tyas, near Richmond, North Yorkshire into a family of mixed Anglo-Irish and Swedish descent.〔Michael Worboys, ‘Wright, Sir Almroth Edward (1861–1947)’, 〕 He was the son of Reverend Charles Henry Hamilton Wright, deacon of Middleton Tyas, who later served in Belfast, Dublin and Liverpool and managed the Protestant Reformation Society. His mother, Ebba Almroth, was the daughter of , Governor of the Swedish Royal Mint in Stockholm.〔''(Sir Charles Hagberg Wright (obituary) )''. The Times, 7 March 1940.〕 His junior brother Charles Theodore Hagberg Wright became librarian of the London Library. In 1882 he graduated at Trinity College, Dublin with first class honours in modern literature and won a gold medal in modern languages and litarature. Simultaneously he took medicine courses and in 1883 graduated in medicine.〔〔 In the late 19th century, Wright worked with the armed forces of Britain to develop vaccines and promote immunisation. In 1902 Wright started a research department at St Mary's Hospital Medical School in London. He developed a system of anti-typhoid fever inoculation and a method of measuring protective substances (opsonin) in human blood. Citing the example of the Second Boer War, during which many soldiers died from easily preventable diseases, Wright convinced the armed forces that 10 million vaccines for the troops in northern France should be produced during World War I. Among the many bacteriologists who followed in Wright's footsteps at St Mary's was Sir Alexander Fleming, who in turn later discovered lysozyme and penicillin. Wright was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in May 1906. Wright warned early on that antibiotics would create resistant bacteria,〔 something that has proven an increasing danger. He made his thoughts on preventive medicine influential, stressing preventive measures. Wright's ideas have been re-asserted recently—50 years after his death—by modern researchers in articles in such periodicals as ''Scientific American''. He also argued that microorganisms are vehicles of disease but not its cause, a theory that earned him the nickname "Almroth Wrong" from his opponents. He also proposed that logic be introduced as a part of medical training, but his idea was never adopted. Wright also pointed out that Pasteur and Fleming, although both excellent researchers, had not actually managed to find cures for the diseases which they had sought cures, but instead had stumbled upon cures for totally unrelated diseases. Wright was a strong proponent of the Ptomaine theory for the cause of Scurvy. The theory was that poorly preserved meats contained alkaloids that were poisonous to humans when consumed. This theory was prevalent when Robert Falcon Scott planned his fateful expedition to the Antarctic in 1911. In 1932, the true cause of the disease was determined to be the deficiency from the diet of a particular nutrient, now called Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid, Scorbic meaning Scurvy). There is a ward named after him at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington, London. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Almroth Wright」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|